A structural survey is an inspection of a building's structure by an engineer, resulting in a written report on its condition and any defects. It's the document people usually mean when they say 'get an engineer's report' - and it's different from the surveys most buyers get by default.
What the engineer inspects
- External walls - cracking, bulging, leaning, failed lintels, pointing and masonry condition
- Internal walls and openings - load paths, alterations, distortion
- Floors - level, deflection, and what movement suggests about supports below
- Roof structure - spread, sagging, altered or cut members, chimney condition
- Evidence of foundation movement - crack patterns, distortion, doors and windows
- Any specific defect you've asked about, in detail
Structural survey vs RICS homebuyer survey
| RICS Level 2/3 survey | Structural survey (engineer) | |
|---|---|---|
| Carried out by | Chartered surveyor | Structural engineer |
| Covers | Whole property condition | The structure specifically |
| Depth on structure | Identifies and flags | Assesses and explains |
| Typical outcome | 'Seek advice from a structural engineer' | The advice itself - significance and remedy |
They're complements, not rivals: the RICS survey covers breadth (damp, services, roof coverings, everything); the structural survey provides depth on the structural questions. Lenders frequently require the engineer's report before releasing funds when the valuation raises a structural doubt.
What the report gives you
A good structural report describes what was inspected and found (with photographs), explains the likely cause and significance of defects, and gives practical recommendations - repair, monitor, investigate further, or nothing needed. It should be specific enough for a contractor to price against and clear enough for a lender or solicitor to act on.
Frequently asked questions
How long does a structural survey take?
The inspection itself typically takes one to a few hours depending on the property and the concern. The report follows - we confirm the timescale when quoting, and prioritise purchase deadlines.
Can I get a survey on just one defect?
Yes - defect-specific inspections (one crack, one wall, one beam) are common and keep the cost proportionate to the question.